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"Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats". Theodosius Dobzhansky.
Adaptation may also refer to the process whereby an organism rather than changing the way it lives in its habitat,
decides to change the habitat itself. In such a case the organism might move away from its previously natural habitat in quest of a new one.
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Mumbai is facing water problems. Residents in several areas of Mumbai are concerned about having to buy water from private water supply tankers as the five main lakes which supply the city now have levels between four to 10 metres lower than at this time last year. The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) supplies water to India’s financial capital for no more than six hours a day.BMC has urged citizens to save water and use it sparingly.This means that each household is provided with water at specific hours/minutes per day. The city  is supplied 3,350 million litres per day (mld) from five lakes. That’s 33,500 tankers of water a day. Yet, every Mumbai household knows the water announcements: Get ready, the water will go soon! Fill the buckets! Don’t wash your hair!  Jayshree Ranade, a resident of Girgaum, south Mumbai, says that her household barely gets 45 minutes of water supply a day. “We get water at about 4.45 am and it’s gone before 5.45 am. Earlier we used to get water for more than two hours,” she told the BBC. “In my building all the families wake up at 4.30 am and everyone has to have a shower, wash clothes, utensils and fill up the water tank - all before 5.45 am. It’s a mad rush. Children wake up, get ready and go back to sleep.” On the other hand, Mumbai has enough water for its 14 million citizens, enough for a 24-hour supply. So say experts. So says the BMC. So says a World Bank study.  “Mumbai has enough water for a 24-hour supply but water gets wasted because there are too many leakages in the old pipe network,” said David Ehrhardt, chief executive of Castalia Ltd, a global infrastructure consultancy firm that in June 2007 studied Mumbai’s water supply — in Andheri with money from the World Bank.  Mumbai loses 670 mld of water. If there is a 24-hour supply, water will simply flow out if there’s a leak; sewage will not get in. When pipes are empty, contamination is easy, said Ehrhardt. Contamination is highest during the monsoons, between June and October.  The answer according to the experts is a new water-pipe system and no more slums built on the water pipe. ///// Is this enough? And what about the people living in the slums?  The Adaptation Project Source Source Image © Sebastião Salgado.
hi-res version

Mumbai is facing water problems.

Residents in several areas of Mumbai are concerned about having to buy water from private water supply tankers as the five main lakes which supply the city now have levels between four to 10 metres lower than at this time last year.

The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) supplies water to India’s financial capital for no more than six hours a day.BMC has urged citizens to save water and use it sparingly.This means that each household is provided with water at specific hours/minutes per day.

The city  is supplied 3,350 million litres per day (mld) from five lakes. That’s 33,500 tankers of water a day. Yet, every Mumbai household knows the water announcements: Get ready, the water will go soon! Fill the buckets! Don’t wash your hair! 

Jayshree Ranade, a resident of Girgaum, south Mumbai, says that her household barely gets 45 minutes of water supply a day.

“We get water at about 4.45 am and it’s gone before 5.45 am. Earlier we used to get water for more than two hours,” she told the BBC.

“In my building all the families wake up at 4.30 am and everyone has to have a shower, wash clothes, utensils and fill up the water tank - all before 5.45 am. It’s a mad rush. Children wake up, get ready and go back to sleep.”

On the other hand, Mumbai has enough water for its 14 million citizens, enough for a 24-hour supply. So say experts. So says the BMC. So says a World Bank study. 

“Mumbai has enough water for a 24-hour supply but water gets wasted because there are too many leakages in the old pipe network,” said David Ehrhardt, chief executive of Castalia Ltd, a global infrastructure consultancy firm that in June 2007 studied Mumbai’s water supply — in Andheri with money from the World Bank. 

Mumbai loses 670 mld of water. If there is a 24-hour supply, water will simply flow out if there’s a leak; sewage will not get in. When pipes are empty, contamination is easy, said Ehrhardt. Contamination is highest during the monsoons, between June and October. 

The answer according to the experts is a new water-pipe system and no more slums built on the water pipe.

///// Is this enough? And what about the people living in the slums?  The Adaptation Project


Source

Source

Image © Sebastião Salgado.

Tweet #Mumbai  #water problems  #article  #water shortage  #slam  #infrastructure  #waterpipe  



Posted 14th May, 2012
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